High School Career:

Trey Woodbury attended Ed W. Clark High School in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he excelled as a guard. In his junior year, he averaged 14.1 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 2.4 assists per game, leading the Chargers to the Class 4A state title game. His performance earned him first-team all-state honors and a nomination for Nevada's Gatorade Player of the Year. Woodbury was ranked as the No. 99 recruit in the nation by Rivals. ​

College Career:

University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) (2018–2019):
Woodbury played his freshman season at UNLV, appearing in 22 games. Following the 2018–19 season, he transferred to Utah Valley University. ​

Utah Valley University (2019–2023):
At Utah Valley, Woodbury became a key player for the Wolverines. In the 2020–21 season, he led the team in scoring with 15.6 points per game and earned All-WAC honors. After recovering from a knee injury that limited his play in the 2021–22 season, he returned strong in the 2022–23 season, averaging 13.8 points, 5.9 rebounds, and 4.7 assists per game. He recorded a triple-double on March 3, 2023, and surpassed 1,000 career points, ranking eighth on UVU's all-time scoring list.